Friday, 18 September 2015

In my father's arms

It was twelve months since I made my way to Mathare. Most considered it a slum, but for me it was home. I had two elder brothers, seven and three. My mum and dad loved me as much as they loved each other.
However, it started three days ago. First it was the soiled pants. I kept latching. Two days later, the vomiting kicked in. it was relentless.
Mum was tired, she broke down. Dad took me in his arms. The look on his face, I had never seen before: scared. Nonetheless, his heartbeat gave me hope.
We were in a matatu. I could see the urgency in his face. People on kiambu road didn't care much for our predicament though. Rush hour they called it.
So I snuggled closer, fading with every breath.
He walked into the emergency room, catching the attention my doctor to be.
'Dak... Tari, help my son.' he heaved a sigh of relief.
The doctor unwrapped the pink shoal in anticipation.
He stared at me and was startled.
His face lost all its luster. Once his stethoscope fell on my chest
His eyes moved between dad's and mine.
Hoping he was wrong.
He knew, I had found my way home, in my father's arms.

Saturday, 18 April 2015

James will walk again...


If you are reading this, then James will definitely walk again. I first met James on a cold and rainy evening at Kiambu district Hospital. The look on his face was that of despair admixed with the constant grimace of a man in pain. He leaned evermore on his wooden clutches as he handed me his card to wait in line. It was about half past four on a friday.

After a one hour wait, the old young man, in his late twenties, limped into the cold leather sit. His story played out like that of a dying flame.

A young, vibrant soul, suffering from a debilitating yet curable complication following a fateful accident two years ago which broke his left thigh bone. Poverty dictated his choice of treatment and the definitive treatment offered within hours to days of injury was out of his reach.

Therefore, he settled for traction. A process that would have him bed ridden for up to two months with a weight constantly pulling down on his foot. Unfortunately, the two months saw him reside at the facility for two years with his fate looking up when the hospital through sponsors managed to acquire him the much needed operation.

His thigh was healed, but in its place, James developed an ulcer and was waived home for outpatient-based care. With pain meds no longer in reach James has known nothing but pain, biting evermore each day. He has not had the wound cleaned in weeks. Kikuyu mission hospital had offered to dress it in honey but that was cut short when he ran out of bus fare. Not having any means, he resulted to walking to the nearest health facility: Kiambu. On this particular ocassion, he had braved the rain to make it here. He told me of how he wished that he had a piece of land, because in his view that would buy him a cure. 'But there was none' he said, his eyes welling up.

James' ulcer is only several dressings and antibiotics away from skin grafting and because of you he can walk again. God will never forgive us for allowing James to give up. Kindly share this post and #JamesWillWalkAgain.

Monday, 6 May 2013

Nancy


Nancy was only 14 years when she fell. Ten meters. She came crushing down, her panga in hot pursuit. Thoughts of her brief life flashed by in those few but critical seconds. She recalled her unfinished work. The young class eight boy. He gave her the look a couple of times. Her childhood crush. Soon, very soon, it would all be meaningless. She would never have had her first kiss.

The rooster had only crowed an hour or two ago. At the crack of dawn. A chilly Tuesday morning. The curtains lay in wait, ready to bring to an end a story. Nancy's life. The rest was blank. Pain fibers firing in synch. She wished to writhe in pain, but she couldn't. The bright morning sky was no longer in view. It had all turned dark.

When I met her, she lay in bed. Helpless. Even so, in this state, she flashed a smile. She had lived to see the day, the sun, the people, mum, dad, and all those she considered dear. Being alive had never felt this good. It was as if she had just awoke from another horrible dream. Indeed it was infective, her grin, amid all the scores of bruises that covered her face. Still untouched in hours following the incident.

It was one o' clock. The sun had not set since her mother found her silent on the evergreen. Her panga lay beside her, coming inches away from her belly. It was a miracle. She didn’t respond. Her mother wailed helplessly: "Nancy! Nancy!". Her clothes were wet. Blood. No. It was more like urine. It soaked her garments. Amid the cold there was no response.

She had regained consciousness an hour later. This found her on the way to Chuka District hospital. A small government facility. Located on the hilly slopes of Mount Kenya. It stood set in the serine windward environment, a short drive off the Nairobi-Meru road. She lay on its hospital

She could not move her from her position.  Her body lay in defiance to her intentions to follow my requests. She was like a marionette, set in mid animation. Pain jolted up and down her spine. I tried to turn her, but this only made her smile quickly fade. Replaced by grimace and mourns. I ordered X rays and started on a steroid. They looked nothing far from usual, no broken bones no deformities. Her smile had swiftly brushed away all bad omen. The diagnosis: Spinal shock. A temporary condition in which  one loses control of  both sensory and motor function. It recovers within 72 hours.

Each day that passed saw her slowly regain control. Like a virus infested laptop, that had acquired a new antivirus. Slowly but surely. I learned a lot from this girl, having woken up to a fate only second to death. Smiling and laughing. She made my rough days worth looking up to. Knowing that a smile could make each day brighter.

Tuesday, 26 February 2013

The boy who touched my heart…


The long rains had just begun and the weather was rather chilly. He wore a home-knit green marvin, wore green sweater to match and an oversize pair of black pants. He sat on the bed with his mother besides him. He stared apprehensively at me with his big black eyes, balancing a few drops of tears. When I inched closer, he responded by cuddling his mother. I stretched out my hand a flashed a smile in response.

“Simo, salimia daktari.” (Simon, say hi to the doctor) his mother said in a slow but reassuring voice. He then smiled back. “ Anaogopa sindano.” (He is afraid you will inject him).

“Usiogope, sina sindano.” (Fear not I am not going to give you an injection) I said taking a seat on the bed. He reluctantly offered his hand and I clasped it in mine: he was running a fever. He then broke into a session of repeated coughing lasting about a minute or two: his chest was very congested. “Pneumonia,” I thought. Could it be that he had fallen victim to the weather? I continued to take a focused yet extensive history.

Mama Simon informed me that her three year old boy had been unwell for about a month. It had started with him not playing as much as his other six siblings. He was always fatigued and had developed the cough and a fever over the past seven days. They lived in Lodwar, but during the cold nights he had drenching night sweats for the past month. However, it was not until his cough got worse that she visited the local hospital in Lodwar, where they were referred to Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital.

This had me thinking, pneumonia was a possible diagnosis but it left a lot to be desired. The history was one month old, he had easy fatigability and night sweats. Being constitutional symptoms, they were not specific for any illness but they meant I had to rule out any malignancies or TB. Malaria was highly unlikely to be the primary diagnosis given the duration of illness, but I had to send a blood smear to rule out its presence at the time of presentation. Moreover malaria and pneumonia were treatable at Lodwar, and Simo had no obvious signs in history to warrant referral.

It was during examination that I noticed that Simo was very pale i.e the amount of hemoglobin in his blood was low and there were tiny bleeds in his gums. He also had a mildly enlarged spleen. “Oh my!” I thought. Blood cancer was now at the top of my list. I needed a complete blood count. I looked back at Mama Simon and forced a smile, “Ameongezewa damu?” (Has he had a transfusion?).

“Ndio, moja.” (Yes, one pint)

This was not enough, so I also planned to order a more few pints. I explained to mum that we had to work him up and promised to be back feedback. In the meantime I instructed a course of antibiotics for the pneumonia and some paracetamol for the fever.

It was not long before the results were back. The nurse handed this to me and I took a seat at the nursing station. Simon, out of the hospital corridor had seen me and came running. “ Jomba, jomba, jomba, mum jomba amekuja.” (Uncle, uncle, uncle, mum, uncle has come.) His mother waved him off and waved at me. His pants fell to his knees and he stopped to pull them up. I stood up, smiled and went to pick him. We exchanged greeting and he asked for the sweet I had promised him earlier. I reached into my pocket and pulled out the lollipop I had bought on the way to the ward.

He sat on my lap as I reviewed the results. My spirits were dampened when the complete blood count confirmed my suspicions. All the cell lines were abnormal. His chest X-ray pointed to a bronchopneumonic process, inferring that he had pneumonia. His malaria test was however negative. The next step was examining his blood and bone marrow under a microscope. I looked at Simon and told him we go say hi to his mother.

I took time briefing the mother about my suspicions and what we needed to confirm and the consequence of either diagnosis. She had never heard of leukemia. She had left her children alone in Lodwar and was very concerned as to their well-being: she was the only breadwinner. I promised to do my best to get them home soon and contacted the social worker to take over the case. I knew if I did not address this she would eventually default treatment.

The tests took about a week to be processed, by that time, Simon’s pneumonia was cured and he spent most of his time playing at the Sally Test playground. By this time we had bonded. When I was writing down notes he would sit beside me, ask for a paper and a pen and doodle. The result read Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. As was usual I sat with Mama Simon for counseling. This was the last session, since I would have to work them up for transfer to the oncology wing.

Her first question was when she could go home. She understood the treatment as I had earlier explained is a 2 year course. I took time to explain about the breaks available in between the courses of treatment but made sure to note that that decision however would be made by the cancer doctors in consultation with her.

When Simon was off my service, I missed his presence; it was never the same without the young boy who sat next to me doodling. I made a point to visit him. He had just received his dose of chemo and appeared sicker than I had ever seen him. I had expected this though.

Over time his condition improved as the tumor burden fell. It was approximately a month and a half when he received his first two week break. His mother informed me on phone.

She called me a few days ago: it had been a year since admission. Simon was well; however, she had not been back to hospital since. I asked her why and she said God had healed him. I pleaded for her to visit the local hospital for a complete blood count. She promised to do so, but I am still not convinced she will.

Saturday, 3 November 2012

When Wait and Watch is all you can do....


I am glad to be back in school, after 8 weeks of government stalemates that resulted in me losing the opportunity to graduate this year. Being a KCSE graduate for the last 7 years I was glad to have to update my CV. Anyway I was back to my old schedule, waking up at 6am and sleeping at 1am. I was still in internal medicine when I first met Steve*. Steve was a 39yr old man from Nyanza, he was living the African dream: he had two wives. Well it was more in theory than it was practical. His first wife had ran away. He came to the hospital in company of his second wife. 


The mass in his belly had gone on for long enough, even after countless trips to the local herbalists and countless massages from his life partner. He had walked in from a hospital in Bungoma, following an abdominal ultrasound, where they decided to send him over for further management.

I pulled out a stool, sat next to the bed and took out my writing pad. He had felt his belly swell up for seven months. At first the pain was mild but now it had become unbearable. He had also developed two masses on his scalp. His children would ask why he was developing horns. I found this curious; never had I encountered such a presentation. After a thorough examination, I noticed that his liver had put out. His eyes had turned yellow over the past few weeks and his liver was full of large firm nodular masses. He was experiencing recurrent nose bleeds and his feet were swollen. My first thought was liver cancer - Hepatocellular carcinoma. The thought of alcohol induced macronodular cirrhosis was knocked off by the fact that he did not take alcohol. I also suspected lymphoma or metastasis from other possible tumors. So I sent blood for labs. the ultrasound result from Bungoma confirmed my suspicions. As with any cancer diagnosis, ‘tissue is the issue’, and one can hardly commit to a diagnosis up until he had examined a biopsy. But Steve’s case was more of a dilemma, if we attempted a get a tissue sample, there was a great chance he would bleed out on the table. The decision was made to turn to tumor markers (this are blood tests used to help point to particular tumors). His unfortunately pointed to hepatocellular carcinoma.

This was bad, the definitive treatment would have involved having a liver transplant, this was not an option in Kenya. His HIV and Hepatitis B tests came back positive. I sat down with the couple and leveled with them taking time to listen to their questions and explain the diagnosis that we had found: it was not easy. However, they were very understanding. We tested his wife and she turned out negative for HIV and Hepatitis B, I advised her to get tested after three months.

Over the next few days, Steve’s condition deteriorated, from a man who could once hold an entire conversation to being bed ridden. He was going through the stages of hepatic encephalopathy, he spent most days asleep with his wife seated by his side. She slept on the floor beside his bed, even after having the knowledge that he was probably never going to make it. A few days earlier, he had a head CT scan that we had scheduled. When I walked into the ward, she handed me the scan with a smile on her face, hoping that it would hold a message of hope. I held up the radiograph: It had a large brain mass that was continuous with the two scalp masses I had seen. It was surprising that he was able to hold a conversation just a few days ago. She read my expression, “Has it gone into his brain?”.  

“Unfortunately, sorry.” Those were the most difficult words I had ever had to say.

She told me that she would stay with him to the very end regardless. However she requested that they be allowed home to be with family. We promised them we would do that the following morning. Unfortunately Steve passed on early that day.  

Sunday, 22 January 2012

Once beaten, never shy...

Medical School has always been the toughest time in the life of an aspiring doctor. Even for the eldest in the profession, the message has always been the same. As is the case of one of the eldest and most respected consultant at  Moi University. He emphasizes that back in his day (1970’s) when he did his undergraduate, he did not enjoy the comfort of having computers, internet or appetizing literatures as is the case today. All the books he read were in black and white with little or no pictures… But that is not the epitome of my story, so here goes. You see, in med school, as in any other course, the only time that matters most is exam season. That time even the most serious alcoholics, jokers and the like turn to avid readers. All of a sudden the library is crammed as if the books were on offer.

Being in fourth year, it was all about clinical exams; four in total. There was internal medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Surgery. To bring to light how serious the end of year exams were, let me highlight a few facts. Each rotation represented a different or different specialties with their respective consultants. Each specialty had its own practice, protocol and science. Therefore you do agree that for a mere medical student it calls for a lot to be an internist, an obstetrician and gynecologist, a pediatrician and a surgeon.

It was during my end of year surgery exam that I had my greatest laugh, and this yes, is the epitome of my story. I had woken up at 6am so freaked out about my last exam… the rest had been equivocal. I hurriedly prepared and sat down to read, I could feel my heart pounding as I turned each page of my notepad and realized “ Ngai, haki nitapitia hii saa ngapi!?”. Nonetheless, I found myself in the surgical wards with a burns patient. Kamau* smiled and said he was tired of talking to students. I did not despair, I immediately turned our conversation into the appropriate mother tongue and it did the trick. He now sat up and said “ reu reke gutarerie uhoro”  ( Now let me narrate to you my story).

As the story goes, Kamau worked at a car wash in Eldoret town. It was Saturday at around 7pm when he left for home, he made a stopover at his local chang’aa den. He had his regular and 8 glasses later he decided to stagger home. At 10 his neighbor also college at the den had himself locked out of his house by the landlord. He begged to spend at Kamau’s. Kamau agreed on condition that he got him some more ‘good stuff’ which he brought in plenty. They drank till the wee hours of the night. Suddenly, the kerosene lamp went dim, as Kamau stumbled to bed, he kicked it and it slung pouring kerosene on his trouser and setting it on fire. For Kamau, it was unknown to him and his cotton trouser was totally burnt off: still in his person. He had not felt a thing and he retired to bed. But this was not to be for long.

 At 3 am, Am guessing the powerful anesthetic had worn of he woke up in pain. This was not in any way surprising but it was what he did that won him the award of being the first person to make me laugh within. “ Nikawakisha kiberiti na kuangalia nini ilikuwa mbaya, mguu yote ilikuwa brack” he said, “ nikaangalia chini ya kitanda na kuchukua kale kachang’aa kalikuwa kamebaki… nikamwagia mguu kiasi na hiyo nyingine nikakunywa, nililala pap!”.

Thursday, 8 December 2011

Dying Young Hearts

When I first met Marie* I had just started my junior clerkship course in pediatrics. It was a warm Monday morning in mid-January. I rushed into the Upendo ward hoping to see what cases had come in over the night. As it was my morning routine, I picked up the new patient file at the nursing station. It read Marie K, a 12 year old girl from Webuye, Kenya. Unlike the other new files, this one was bulky, which made me realize that she had been here before. I walked over to the bed indicated and met a young angel. She lay in a propped-up bed with labored breathing, each breathe heavier than the last. A middle-age lady sat on the side of the bed looking in my direction with despair. ‘What could have gone wrong?’ she was too young to be in such a state: toxic. I exchanged pleasantries with mum and tried to elicit the culprit. As she spoke it became clear. Marie was suffering from Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Her heart valves had completely given up and I could see her chest heave up and down with every beat. She was now in failure.

Rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the developing nations. This is 80% of the world’s population. It is considered a disease of poverty. In Kenya alone it is reported that 62 per 1,000 of the population show signs of RHD on Echo (A form of ultrasound that is used to view the heart, its valves and the major vessel). Therefore for every 100 people you meet, six may have the disease, albeit sometimes being silent. It accounts for a quarter of all heart failure cases in endemic countries. Heart failure is when the heart is unable to adequately pump blood.

So what is RHD, how is it acquired, can it be prevented, how will I know whether I, or someone I know suffers from it and what next? RHD is a spectrum of heart damage, either the outer covering of the heart (pericardium); heart muscle (myocardium) or valves, evolving over years after acute rheumatic fever (ARF).   ARF is a non-infective sequela that occurs two to four weeks following bacterial pharyngitis caused by specific bacteria known as group A streptococcus (GAS). The disease may consist of arthritis, carditis, chorea (involuntary rhythmic movements) and skin lesions. It affects children between the age of 5-15 years, which Marie subscribed to. GAS is responsible for 15-30% of pharyngitis in children between 5-15 years. Unfortunately there is no specific symptom other than those of the common cold. It can be transmitted from child to child especially in school going children. Remember I said that ARF is non- infective, let me explain. GAS has molecules that are similar to that of the heart valves, so when the body is busy producing antibodies for its defense against GAS, it targets the heart as well. This results in progressive damage of the heart structures leading to RHD.

Patients slowly progress into failure, which is graded based on its limitation to normal activity. The most common symptom of heart failure is increased fatigue and awareness of heartbeat. In stage one, patients experience symptoms with over the ordinary activity; in stage two, with normal activity; in stage three, less than ordinary and stage four at rest. Marie was in grade IV. She had to watch helplessly as her siblings went out to play. She had dropped out of school a year ago because she couldn’t keep up with her peers. Marie was unable to get out of failure and after relentless attempts at attaining hemodynamic stability she silently passed on three days later.

The truth of the matter is that RHD is preventable. By placing our focus on the cause and addressing ways in which we can alter or stop the sequence of events. Save the young hearts of tomorrow. The first measure is to focus on ventilation, avoid crowding. Always make sure that the windows in a room constitute up to 10-15 percent of the floor area. Please consider this when you are setting up a structure, be it mud, wood, brick or stone. Emphasize on hand washing in all children and handlers. Use of hand sanitizers can also prove beneficial for both children and teachers. If you have a cough, cover your mouth during the episodes or use a face mask while handling children, and remember to wash your hands. If your child has a cough, seek urgent medical attention. A course of penicillin may be all that is required to reduce the risk of developing ARF and subsequent RHD. If your child experiences suspected heart failure symptoms, visit your cardiologist. An echo can go a long way in determining whether this is the case or not. Your cardiologist will also take measures to prevent heart failure and other complications such as infective endocarditis (infection of the inner lining of the heart).

This article is dedicated to all the children who suffer from RHD, all those who have lost their lives and those still fighting the battle…